The Florida Seminole re-established limited relations with the United States and Florida governments in the late 19th century, and by the early 20th century were concentrated in five camps in the Everglades.

The modern Florida Seminole, about 17,233 at the 2010 census, Miccosukee and Traditionals descend from these survivors.

They fostered a culture of staunch independence. A smaller group – possibly fewer than 500 – refused to leave Florida and moved deep into the Everglades, where they avoided settlers and thrived in pseudo-isolation. ĭuring the Seminole Wars against the United States in the 19th century, however, particularly after the second war, most Seminole and Black Seminole were forced by the US to relocate west of the Mississippi River to Indian Territory. These people became known as Black Seminoles, establishing towns near Native American settlements. ĭuring this period, the largely autonomous Native American villages developed alliances with African-American maroons, mostly self-emancipated former slaves from the South's Low Country and some free blacks from the Spanish period of rule. While some scholars have thought that the Calusa were also integrated into the Seminole tribes, there is no documentation to support that theory. These settlers joined with the survivors of Florida's original Native American communities ( Tequesta, etc.) in the interior of south Florida. They distanced themselves increasingly from other Muscogee groups, and expanded and prospered owing to their thriving trade network during Florida's British and second Spanish periods (c. The Seminole emerged in a process of ethnogenesis from various Native American groups who settled in Florida in the 18th century, primarily Muscogee from what is now northern Florida, Georgia and Alabama. The tribe requires members to have at least one-quarter Seminole blood quantum. A 2005 tribal audit said it took in $1.1 billion in revenues that year. These ventures, particularly the gaming operation, have generated significant revenues for education, welfare and economic development. In 1975, the Tribe established tax-free smoke shops and a high-stakes bingo operation that became one of the first tribal gaming endeavors in the United States. Today, it has six Indian reservations in Florida. Together with the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma and the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida, it is one of three federally recognized Seminole entities.

The Seminole Tribe of Florida is a federally recognized Seminole tribe based in the U.S. Seminole Nation of Oklahoma, Miccosukee, Muscogee people

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